|
The Universal Periodic Review (UPR) is a state monitoring mechanism of the United Nations Human Rights Council (HRC). It was established by General Assembly (resolution 60/251 ) in 2006 to periodically review the protection and promotion of human rights in each of the 193 United Nations (UN) Member States.〔http://www.un.org/en/members/〕 ==The UPR Process== The UPR process is detailed in the HRC (Resolution 5/1 ). Each State is reviewed every four years. The review is based on the United Nations Charter, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, any other international human rights instruments the State is party to as well as any voluntary pledges or commitments it has made.〔http://www.hrc.co.nz/international-human-rights/nzs-national-universal-periodic-review-upr-report/upr-processes/〕 The HRC appoints a ‘troika’ of three HRC Member States to review each State’s report. Three documents are provided for the troika to consider: The national State report, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) compilation of all UN information regarding that State and the OHCHR summary of stakeholder submissions. In addition, questions from other HRC Member States are given to the State party being reviewed to answer in its national report. The troika then present to the Working Group an outcome document, which summarises the review proceedings and includes recommendations. The Working Group comprises all 47〔http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrcouncil/membership.htm〕 of the HRC Member States & conducts the country reviews.〔http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/UPR/Pages/BasicFacts.aspx〕 New Zealand is given a period of time to review the recommendations and can choose to either accept and implement them accordingly or explain why it does not accept them. The main goal of the UPR is to maintain and improve the domestic human rights situation in UN countries. The UPR process provides the opportunity for UN countries as well as NGO’s, other relevant UN bodies and individuals to raise concerns regarding the human rights situations in the country under review. The process allows the sharing of ideas and practices on how to best ensure that human rights obligations are complied with. It also allows governments to reflect on their own human rights situations and the public to offer their own views and feedback. Anyone who is interested in the UPR process can participate. This can include: *Iwi and other Maori groups. *NGO’s. *Human rights defenders. *Trade unions. *Community groups, churches and charities. *Local government. *Academic institutions. *National human rights institutions, such as the NZHRC.〔http://mfat.govt.nz/Foreign-Relations/1-Global-Issues/Human-Rights/Universal-Periodic-Review/index.php〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Universal Periodic Review of New Zealand」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|